< Previouskindness and dignity, while courage enables individuals to stand up for their beliefs and do what is right, even in the face of adversity. Ethical decision-making is at the core of moral intelligence, involving the ability to consider the consequences of one’s actions and make choices that align with moral principles. Transparency and integrity ensure that individuals act with openness and adhere to their values, even when no one is watching. Ultimately, these soft skills contribute to creating a culture of trust, respect, and accountability, which is essential for fostering collaboration, innovation, and long-term success in any organization or community. By cultivating these skills, individuals can lead by example, inspire others to act with integrity, and make a positive impact on the world around them. 14. Professionalism and Work Ethic This category of skills is the ability to consistently demonstrate a strong work ethic and maintain professional standards in line with expectations. Examples includes: •Accountability •Attention to detail •Commitment •Continuous improvement •Dependability •Initiative •Organization •Punctuality •Reliability •Time management These skills are essential for demonstrating a strong sense of responsibility, reliability, and dedication in the workplace. These skills involve being punctual, dependable, and accountable for one’s actions and commitments, which are crucial for building trust and respect among colleagues and clients. Attention to detail, time management, and organization are key skills that enable individuals to produce high- quality work efficiently and effectively. Initiative and continuous improvement demonstrate a proactive approach to work and a commitment to learning and growth, which are valuable traits in any professional setting. Professionalism and work ethic are not just about completing tasks, but also about the manner in which they are carried out. Individuals who possess Notes: 130311institute.comthese soft skills are more likely to be viewed as reliable, trustworthy, and valuable team members, leading to increased opportunities for advancement and success in their careers. In summary, the soft skills associated with professionalism and work ethic form the foundation of a strong, positive, and productive work environment. By cultivating these skills, individuals can distinguish themselves as competent, committed, and reliable professionals, ultimately contributing to their own success and the success of their organization. 15. Self-Management This category of skills is the ability to regulate one’s behaviours, emotions, and thoughts to achieve personal and professional goals. Examples include: •Accountability •Adaptability •Continuous learning •Emotional regulation •Goal setting •Initiative •Mindfulness •Motivation •Organization •Persistence •Planning •Prioritization •Resilience •Self-awareness •Self-confidence •Self-control •Self-development •Self-discipline •Self-motivation •Self-reflection •Stress management •Time management These skills are essential for individuals to effectively manage themselves, their emotions, and their responsibilities in various aspects of life. These skills involve being accountable, adaptable, and committed to continuous learning and self-development. Setting and achieving goals, managing time effectively, and being organized are crucial for personal and professional success. Emotional regulation, self- awareness, and self-reflection are important for maintaining mental well- being and navigating interpersonal relationships. Self-discipline, self-motivation, and persistence are key skills that enable individuals to stay focused, overcome Notes: 131311institute.comobstacles, and achieve their objectives. Stress management and resilience are essential for coping with challenges and maintaining a healthy work-life balance. Other related skills, such as initiative, mindfulness, and self-confidence, contribute to an individual’s ability to take proactive steps, remain present and focused, and believe in their own abilities. Notes: 132311institute.comMATTHEW GRIFFIN 311INSTITUTE.com HUMANS VERSUS MACHINES . THE EMOTIONS AND SOFT SKILLS THAT MAKE YOU UNIQUELY HUMAN Accountability . Active Listening . Adaptability . Agility . Aggression . Amusement . Analytical Thinking . Anger . Anticipation . Anxiety . Application . Applying Knowledge . Assertiveness . Asking Questions . Attention To Detail . Awe . Body Language . Brainstorming . Bravery . Calculated Risk-Taking . Causal Analysis . Challenging Assumptions . Clarity . Coaching . Cognitive Flexibility . Collaboration . Collaborative Problem-Solving . Commitment . Communication . Compassion . Compromise . Concision . Confidence . Conflict Management . Conflict Resolution . Connecting Ideas . Consistency . Contentment . Constructive Feedback . Contextual Understanding . Continuous Improvement . Continuous Learning . Cooperation . Coping Skills . Courage . Creativity . Critical Thinking . Cross-Cultural Communication . Cross-Disciplinary Collaboration . Cross-Disciplinary Communication . Cross-Functional Collaboration . Cultural Awareness . Cultural Intelligence . Cultural Sensitivity . Curiosity . Decision-Making . Deductive Reasoning . Dependability . Depression . Design Thinking . Diplomacy . Disappointment . Disgust . Divergent Thinking . Dought . Duplicity . Effective Communication . Emotional Intelligence . Emotional Regulation . Empathy . Empowerment . Enthusiasm . Envy . Ethnorelativism . Evaluation . Evidence-Based Reasoning . Excitement . Experimentation . Facilitation . Fairness . Fear . Feedback . Feedback-Seeking . Flexibility . Future Orientation . Giving And Receiving Feedback . Global Perspective . Goal Setting . Grit . Growth Mindset . Hate . Holistic Thinking . Honesty . Idea Generation . Identifying Connections . Imagination . Impulse Control . Inclusivity . Inductive Reasoning . Inference . Influence . Initiative . Innovation . Inspiration . Integrity . Intellectual Flexibility . Intellectual Humility . Interpersonal Adaptability . Interpersonal Awareness . Interpersonal Communication . Interpersonal Skills . Interpretation . Irrationality . Joy . Kindness . Lateral Thinking . Learning Agility . Logical Reasoning . Love . Mediation . Mental Resilience . Mental Toughness . Mentoring . Mindfulness . Motivation . Multicultural Collaboration . Negotiation . Networking . Non-Verbal Communication . Objective Thinking . Open-Mindedness . Opportunity Recognition . Optimism . Oral Communication . Organisation . Original Thinking . Out-Of-The-Box Thinking . Passion . Patience . Perseverance . Persistence . Persuasion . Planning . Positive Attitude . Positive Influence . Presentation Skills . Pride . Proactivity . Problem Identification . Problem Reframing . Problem-Solving . Providing Feedback . Public Speaking . Punctuality . Questioning Skills . Rapport-Building . Reading Comprehension . Reflection . Relationship Building . Relationship Management . Reliability . Resilience . Resourcefulness . Respect . Respect For Diversity . Responsibility . Risk Taking . Root Cause Analysis . Sadness . Satisfaction . Self-Awareness . Self-Care . Self-Confidence . Self-Control . Self-Development . Self-Direction . Self-Discipline . Self-Efficacy . Self-Expression . Self-Motivation . Self-Reflection . Self-Regulation . Servant Leadership . Shame . Shared Responsibility . Social Awareness . Social Perceptiveness . Social Skills . Stakeholder Management . Storytelling . Strategic Thinking . Stress Management . Stubbornness . Summarising . Surprise . Synthesising Information . Systems Thinking . Tact . Team Building . Teamwork . Technical Communication . Time Management . Tolerance For Ambiguity . Tolerance Of Ambiguity . Tone Modulation . Transferring Insights . Transformational Leadership . Transparency . Troubleshooting . Trust-Building . Trustworthiness . Unconventional Thinking . Understanding Of Cultural Norms . Valuing Diversity . Verbal Communication . Versatility . Vision . Visionary Thinking . Visual Communication . Willingness To Learn . Written Communication ...you’ll start going through a process, a series of steps, in your mind. Using your experience and knowledge mentally you’re visualising cutting a cup in half, making its walls thinner or the cup smaller, using different designs or materials, or many other things. In parallel, you’ll also be trying to assess which of these would work and give you the desired result. After all, if you just cut the cup in half then it’d be functionally useless so that’s a fail. But, if you made it out of lighter materials then that could meet the brief while still leaving us with a fully functioning end product. In the world of AI, to create a machine that can automate, or mimic or replicate, this process it has to know what a cup is and its function, the laws of physics and materials science perhaps, and many other things. But, if an AI engineer knows the steps you went through in your mind, and the experience and information that you drew on to achieve the end result, then they can turn each step into an algorithm then aggregate those together to create an AI model that now designs lightweight cups. This methodology is true for everything, whether it’s automating a CEO, an equities trader, lawyer, or anything else. Once we understand the processes involved in ‘doing that job,’ as well as the context, required inputs, and expected outputs, we can automate anything. Basic automation though is quite simple to achieve, but automating more sophisticated processes, while not impossible, can be orders of magnitude harder. For example, creating an AI that iterates new cups is one thing, but creating an AI that invented the cup in the first place - a disruptive innovation - is an entirely different task. SUMMARY It’s for this reason why when asked about what jobs can be automated it’s very hard to argue, nigh impossible, that the answer in time isn’t “100% of them.” Which then means we’ll just have to keep coming up with new jobs to do - or maybe we could simply ask our creative AI. HOW TO AUTOMATE EVERY JOB . I T’S SAID, far too often in my opinion, that you can’t automate everything, with an intriguing example of this often being ‘the art of human creativity.’ This is also why when talking about the future of jobs so many experts keep telling us all to become right brained creative types. But, as I go into more detail in the Future of Creativity and Innovation Codex, even this most human of soft skills can and is already being automated. The reason for this is actually quite simple - if you can break an action, job, or task into a process workflow, understand the inputs and outputs required at each step, then ironically we creative and ingenious humans, often using Artificial Intelligence (AI), can automate it. So let’s run an example everyone can relate to. AUTOMATING CREATIVE DESIGN Take, for example, iterative innovation, a form of basic creativity. If I took a simple cup and asked you to make it fifty percent lighter then, once you’ve understood the context of my request, 134311institute.comMATTHEW GRIFFIN 311INSTITUTE.com IF YOU UNDERSTAND THE PROCESS WORKFLOW , THE INPUTS & OUTPUTS , THEN IN TIME TECH CAN AUTOMATE ANYTHING .they’ll automate skills, and then I’ll be pulling back and taking a more macro view of what happens when technologies converge and the important role of System of Systems. And, of course, I’ll be doing my best to make this exercise simple to follow and as future proof as possible. KEY EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES When it comes to helping you identify and understand the key emerging technologies that will automate skills the major advantage we have at the 311 Institute is that we’re the world leader in identifying them, tracking their progress, and predicting their future capabilities and performance across very long time frames. And, when it comes to trying to answer the question of what we can automate, as well as how and when, the devil is very much in the details - details that we have. To be thorough I’m going to be exploring two kinds of technology groups, namely those that I call Enablers that are responsible for collecting and gathering important data, which then becomes the input for the Facilitator technologies which aggregate and analyse it, determine a course of action and or make decisions based on it, and then perform an action in response - AKA an automation. Enabler Technologies ENABLER Technologies play a vital role in the process of automation, in broad terms you can think of them as the technologies that are responsible for capturing, or increasingly in the future generating or synthesising, data that the downstream Facilitator technologies rely on to perform their duties. And such data can include almost anything and everything from generic structured and non structured data, text and video data, environmental data, as well as biometric and biomarker data. Facilitator Technologies And finally the FACILITATOR Technologies are those individual HOW TO AUTOMATE EVERY SKILL . I N OUR quest to try to find what jobs in the future will be both well paid and done by humans - rather than machines - we’re going to need to explore and extrapolate out the future agency, autonomy, and capabilities of individual key emerging technologies, work diligently to understand how those change when different technologies converge, and then use those insights to create a time line of when we expect our hard and soft skills to be automated. If we’re thorough, and we do this task well, then we’ll be able to create data based job competence maps for the jobs we care about that you can then use and adapt at your own leisure to develop your own customised near, medium, and long term Continuous Learning Program which will give you the best chance of staying gainfully employed in a well paid job for as long as desire - even if you do might occasionally have to switch career tracks as different jobs get automated. In the following pages, and in the interest of true thoroughness I’m going to investigate all of the different automation technologies, including how and when 136311institute.comtechnologies or technology combinations that, once they have the data they need, are responsible for performing or automating the actions and tasks we care about. TECHNOLOGY CONVERGENCE While individual emerging technologies can be used to automate skills their capabilities and performance are often multiplied many times over when they’re combined with other individual technologies. In the case of automation this often means that actions, jobs, or tasks that we previously thought would be impossible or almost impossible to automate, such as ‘Creativity’ are not only suddenly automatable but they’re automated sooner than we anticipated. All of which means that, if we are to minimise future surprise, we have to broaden our field of view to include not just the key individual technologies, but also the complimentary technologies that they could converge with. SYSTEM OF SYSTEMS And then we also have to be acutely aware of what I call the System of Systems, which we can broadly describe as different collections of technologies or systems, that either work in unison with one another and that are often controlled and managed by a single Master System that’s responsible for coordinating and controlling the actions, behaviours, and outputs of all the other systems under its management. Overlooked by many experts the power of this model should not be under estimated, and I’ll be discussing the technologies that are central to this in the next few pages. SUMMARY In our quest to be as thorough as possible, and to create a framework that can be adapted in flight if needed, as new information comes to light or new technologies emerge, we believe that looking at this subject from these four perspectives, as well as then combining this with insights into economic and societal value, will give us everything we need to develop leading edge insights that stand the test of time. Notes: 137311institute.comto be able to accept inputs, understand or analyse those inputs, and then be capable of acting on them to generate an output - whether that’s a basic automation output generated by a basic technology, such as an RPA tool, or a highly sophisticated automation that’s performed by a state of the art technology, such as some of the more advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies. Now, with all that said, let’s take a look at some of the Enabler technologies - the ones that help generate the data for the inputs - and the Facilitator technologies that analyse it and generate the outputs. AFFECTIVE COMPUTING An ENABLER technology Affective Computing is a combination of different technologies, such as AI and Machine Vision, that can be used to detect peoples emotional states and intentions with the purpose of collecting that data and then sending it through to another technology that can analyse and respond, in whatever way, to those data streams. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Both an ENABLER and FACILITATOR technology Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a technology umbrella term that incorporates everything from the most basic dumb and procedural “If This Then That” Machine Learning (ML) systems all the way through to increasingly sophisticated world transforming multi- trillion parameter Deep Learning (DL) and Large Language Models (LLMs) AIs, and more. And, unsurprisingly, there’s no getting away from the automation potential of this technology. However, not only do we continue to see this technology developing at a very rapid rate, and even iterating and replicating itself with increasing levels of agency and autonomy, but it’s also a General Purpose Technology (GPT) which makes it even more impactful and powerful. Today there are an increasingly large number of AI variants, all with their own AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGY . I N THIS section, and as we start to bring this topic home, in true 311 Institute style we’re going to do our utmost to make it as easy for you to understand the automation power and potential of the different technologies that will enable and facilitate the automation of every conceivable hard and soft skill across our Horizon 1, 2, and 3 time lines. I’m going to do this by lightly diving into the distinct individual technologies that, whether they’re used individually, in combinations, or even in System of Systems, will play their role in automating everything that make our economies run, and our society tick. And, of course, if you want to dive even deeper into these technologies, their capabilities, potential, and development projections then you can read all about them in my dedicated Exponential Technology Codex: The Next 50 Years which you can download for free from the 311 Institute website. As touched on previously in order to automate an action, job, or task, the automation technology involved needs 138311institute.comNext >