< PreviousBIOTECHL IFE, BUT not as we know it. Today we are conditioned and educated to believe that life exists in one form - biological. And that it is based on the same genetic building blocks that gave birth to the first ever life on Earth, and every other organism that’s ever existed - including us. But as we continue to unravel life’s secrets and find new ways to harness life’s universal code for our own ends we are now creating a range of entireley new biotech based computing platforms, intelligences, and life forms - alien life forms - based on six and eight base pair synthetic DNA, not four, with non- organic and organic components that give these new systems capabilities and properties that go far beyond anything our imaginations have been able to comprehend thus far. In this section you will find details of the emerging technologies that made it into this years Griffin Emerging Technology Starburst along with details of other impactful emerging technologies: 1.Anti-Ageing Drugs 2.Artificial Body Parts 3.Bio-Electronic Medicine 4.Bio-Hybrid Organs 5.CAR-T Cell Therapy 6.Cellular Recorders 7.Chimeras 8.Chromosome Engineering 9.Contagious Vaccines 10.CRISPR Gene Editing 11.Cryogenics 12.Electrogenetics 13.Gene Drives 14.Genetic Firewalls 15.Genetic Kill Switches 16.High Resolution fMRI 17.Human Hybrid Immune Systems 18.In Vivo Gene Therapy 19.Inhalable RNA Therapy 20.Injectable Neuroprosthetics 21.Labs on Chips 22.Living Pharmacies 23.Magnetic Wormholes 24.Mechano-Genetic Stimulation 25.Medical Tricorders 26.Memory Editing 27.Nano-Medicine 28.Neuro-Prosthetics 29.Neurology 30.Organoids 31.Personalised Medicine 32.Phage Therapy 33.Predictive Vaccines 34.Rapid Gene Sequencing 35.Regenerative Medicine 36.Resurrection 37.Self-Deleting DNA 38.Semi-Synthetic Cells 39.Smart Drugs 40.Smart Medicines 41.Stem Cell Technology 42.Synthetic Blood 43.Synthetic Cells 44.Synthetic DNA 45.Synthetic Lifeforms 46.Synthetic Proteins 47.Tissue Engineering 48.Tissue Nanotransfection 49.Xenotransplantation In addition to these emerging technologies there are many others that have yet to get an entry in this codex. These include, but are not limited to: 50.Liquid Biopsy 51.Living Bio-Therapeutics 52.Microbiome Medicine 53.Molecular Diagnostics 54.Nano-Bionic Plants 55.Nano-Particles 56.Neural Hacking 57.Neuro-Bio Feedback 58.Neuro-Electrical Stimulation 59.Neuroimaging 60.Optogenetics 61.Organ Printing 62.Personal Genetic Sequencing 63.Programmable Organisms 64.Quantum Biology 65.Reverse Vaccines 66.RNA Based Therapeutics 67.Semi-Synthetic Organisms 68.Sensolytics 69.Sonogenetics 70.Synthetic Anti-Bodies 71.Synthetic Molecules 72.Synthetic Organisms 73.Synthetic Stem Cells 74.Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation 75.Transgenic Species 76.Transgenics 77.Universal Organs 78.Wetware Feedback 131311institute.com BOOK AN EXPERT CALL3 /9 4 /10 4 TRL /9 A NTI-AGEING DRUGS have long been positioned as the modern equivalents of the Fountain of Youth, but so far decoding the intricate and often ellusive mysteries of the human ageing process and all of the factors that contribute to it has been at best difficult. That said though over the past five years there have been what many people regard as significant progress in the field in the areas of understanding cellular communication and cell death, as well as Epigenetics, genetics, mitochondrial science and Stem Cell research. The result of all this progress now means that there are a small number of promising Anti-Ageing Drugs headed to human trials, which in lab conditions have been shown to extend the lifespans of rodents by 30 percent or more. DEFINITION Anti-Ageing Drugs are drugs and treatments that can halt or reverse the ageing process. EXAMPLE USE CASES While the technology has applications within all manner of sectors obviously its primary use case will be to reduce the mental and biological age within humans, and in time lead to the development of Age as a Service. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade, as the sector gains more attention and focus, it’s likely that we will see fundning and investment levels increase, and the introduction of increasingly powerful technologies and tools, such as Artificial Intelligence, Gene Editing and Therapies, and Stem Cell Technology make a significant difference to the rate of progress in the space. However, until ageing is classified as a disease researchers ability to bring any significant game changing treatments to market will be significantly hindered. While Anti-Ageing Drugs are still predominantly in the Prototype Stage it is currently unclear whether anything, asides from Avatars, Memory Transfer, and Robot technologies could replace them as a way to “Re-Juvinate” people. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION Anti-Ageing Drugs are a highly disruptive technology, not just because of their possible impact on human longevity, but also because of the wider implications on society, but the technology is still primarily in the Prototype Stage. In the short and medium term, I suggest companies put it onto their radars and keep an eye on it. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 2 2 4 8 3 1 7 1942 1981 2015 2032 2048 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 ANTI-AGEING DRUGS EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 132311institute.com MRL5 /9 6 /10 4 TRL /9 A RTIFICIAL BODY PARTS have long promised to help improve the quality of life for patients, and significantly extend lifespans. However, up until recently, understanding how to fabricate functional artificial human body parts, whether those are synthetic or organic, that mimic and replace the real thing, has been a difficult issue to overcome. Fortunately though as those barriers continue to fall the uptick in the number of new advanced manufacturing technologies, in particular 3D Bio-Printing and Stem Cell Technology, that are now coming through, have been of great help in helping scientists create the first prototypes and products that now include a wide range of replacement body parts including blood vessels, bone, cartilage, corneas, skin, and teeth, and brain, heart, kidney, liver, nerve and spinal tissue. DEFINITION Artificial body parts restore specific functions or groups of functions in the body by replacing a natural organ with a manmade replacement. EXAMPLE USE CASES The primary use case for Artificial Body Parts is to help improve the quality of life, and extend the lives of patients. Today these products are being used in hospitals to replace damaged and diseased bones and tissues, including heart and skin tissue, as well as teeth, but in time the range of approved, regulated products will increase. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade progress in the space will continue to accelerate, the breadth of products available will increase, and the more basic of those products will become commercialised. As investment and interest in the space continues to grow, and as the technologies involved in making these products become better understood and more capable, and as human trials progress and regulators begin developing a deeper point of view, it is highly likely that Artificial Body Parts will begin to slowly experience more widespread adoption. While the technology is still primarily in the prototype stage over time these artificial body parts will eventually become enhanced with other technologies, in time being combined with both inorganic components, such as electronics, as well as more sophisticated genetically engineered products. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION Artificial Body Parts are a disruptive technology that is still largely in the prototype stage. As a result, in the short to medium term, I suggest companies put it on their radars and begin examining, and where appropriate, experimenting with the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 3 3 5 8 4 3 8 1963 2006 2013 2017 2036 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT ARTIFICIAL BODY PARTS STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘19, ‘20 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 133311institute.com MRL4 /9 7 /10 8 TRL /9 B IO-ELECTRONIC MEDICINE, which is still largely in the Prototype Stage and early Productisation Stage, is the field of medicine concerned with trying to understand how Bio-Electronic signals affect and influence chronic conditions, disease and disease factors within the human body. As the body of research increases it is becomming clear that human health is heavily influenced by the trillions of Bio- Electronic signals that regulate everything from brain activity and breathing, to the mechanics underpinning cellular and intra-cellular communication, and the behaviours of bacteria and viruses. DEFINITION Bioelectronic Medicines and treatments include drugs and implanted medical devices capable of deciphering and modulating bio-electrical signals in order to achieve specific therapeutic effects. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Bio-Electronic Medicine to turn bacteria “on and off,” and turn them into in vivo drug factories, help frogs re-grow severed limbs, modulate neurological disorders and manage chronic pain, and alter the Bio-Electronic signals that control human organ function in order to change their function, and kick start them back into life. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the space will continue to accelerate, and while investment and interest in the space is growing it is a very expensive, and complex field of study. As a result it is highly likely that the bulk of the work in the field will be orientated towards research, and that the flow of new products arriving on the market will at first be a trickle. While Bio-Electronic Medicine is still largely in the Prototype Stage and early Productisation Stage, over the long term it is likely that it could be enhanced and replaced by new advances in CRISPR Gene Editing and In Vivo Gene Therapy, Nano-Medicine, and Stem Cell Technology. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term, I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, and establish a point of view. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 3 2 5 7 5 3 8 1981 2005 2016 2025 2042 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 BIO-ELECTRONIC MEDICINE EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 134311institute.com MRL2 /9 7 /10 3 TRL /9 B IO-HYBRID ORGANS, which are in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research involved with designing and developing hybrid human organs that contain both organic and non-organic elements. Unlike natural organs Bio- hybrid organs can be genetically engineered to be superior to traditional organs, grown or printed, and can be embedded with compute and other electronic components to make them smart. While breakthroughs in the field have been slow so far there has been very notable progress on multiple fronts, including 3D and 4D Bio-Printing, as well as the development of Flexible and Printed Electronics, all of which have allowed researchers in the field to develop the first working prototypes. DEFINITION Bio-Hybrid Organs are human or non-human organs, with or without embedded electronics and intelligence, that are part organic and part non-organic. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today patients have to wait for replacement donor organs and while Bio-Printing will let institutions print replacement organs on demand being able to design and manufacture smart and sophisticated hybrid organs that are capable of self-diagnosis, self-monitoring, and even self-repair in the event of an issue, is a very attractive proposition with obvious upsides for everyone involved. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow at an accelerating rate, primarily led by organisations in the Healthcare and Manufacturing sectors, with support from government funding and university grants. In time we will see the products become faster and easier to produce, which will then spur a new innovation arms race as researchers compete to create organs that are increasingly capable and sophisticated, and, most importantly, that never fail. While Bio-Hybrid Organs are in the Prototype Stage, over the long term they will be enhanced by advances in Advanced Manufacturing, including 3D and 4d Bio-Printing, as well as by advances in Biotech, including Genetic Engineering, Stem Cells and Synthetic Cells, as well as in Compute, Electronics, Intelligence, and Sensor Technologies. In time I expect them to become fully synthetic hybrid organs, and expect that they will have to compete will fully artificial non-organic organs. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 2 2 6 9 2 1 9 1980 2002 2017 2033 2043 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 BIO-HYBRID ORGANS EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 135311institute.com MRL5 /9 8 /10 9 TRL /9 C AR-T CELL THERAPY, which is in the Prototype Stage and early Productisation Stage, is the field of research concerned with finding new ways to enhance the human immune system by using different technologies and techniques to augment and engineer it, thereby giving it the non-natural ability to identify, target, and terminate hitherto difficult or impossible to treat conditions and diseases within the human body in new ways. Recently there have been numerous breathroughs in the space with the most notable being the combination of CRISPR Gene Editing with CAR-T Cell Therapy to create first of a kind personalised Cancer therapies that kill hitherto untreatable Grade 4 Leukemias in children. The continued development of this technology will also play a vital role in the development of a new class of Hybrid Human Immune Systems. DEFINITION CAR-T Cell Therapy is a treatment in which patients immune cells are technologically modified to attack cancers and pathogens. EXAMPLE USE CASES While CAR-T Cell Therapy is still a nascent technology it’s shown incredibly robust results within patients who without it would have otherwise died. At the moment most of the research in this area is focused around the development of new powerful Cancer treatments, including those for blood cancers, lymphomas, and multiple myelomas, but in time it’s expected that it will be expanded to treat other hard to treat conditions as well. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will accelerate, primarily led by organisations in the healthcare sector, with support from government funding and university grants. In time we will see CAR-T Cell Therapy commercialise and mature, but despite recent regulatory approvals it’s unlikely we will see this technology reach its full potential within the next decade. While CAR-T Cell Therapy is still in the Prototype Stage and early Productisation Stage it could be enhanced by advances in AI, CRISPR Gene Editing, Hybrid Human Immune Systems, Quantum Computing, and other technologies, however over the long term it could be replaced by Human Hybrid Immune Systems. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 6 5 4 7 8 5 4 8 1967 1995 2017 2028 2038 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT CAR-T CELL THERAPY STARBURST APPEARANCES: NONE EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 136311institute.com MRL2 /9 5 /10 4 TRL /9 C ELLULAR RECORDERS, which are in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with developing new ways to record the individual events that are taking place within living cells. Recent breakthroughs in the field including building the first in vivo DNA recording devices that can chronologically record every single event that transpires within living cells so that researchers have a single source of the truth that they can refer to when trying to discover why a cell, for example, went cancerous. DEFINITION Cellular Recorders are intra-cellular DNA based memory devices that can chronologically record individual cellular events within living cells. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Cellular Recorders to mainly identify the individual events that lead up to a cell becoming cancerous in the hope that the insights will be able to help researchers develop new preventitive cancer treatments and vaccines. In the future the primary use of the technology will be to record all of the events taking place within an organism so that the results can be analysed for research purposes. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow, albeit from a very low base, primarily led by organisations in the Healthcare sector. In time we will see the technology mature to the point where it is easy to deliver to in vivo locations, but it is highly likely that the technology will face significant regulatory hurdles before it becomes commercialised. While Cellular Recorders are in the Prototype Stage, over the long term they will be enhanced by advances in Biological Computing, DNA Computing, Nanobots, Nano-Machines, Semi-Synthetic Cells, Synthetic Cells, Synthetic DNA, but at this point in time it is not clear what they will be replaced by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, and establish a point of view, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 5 3 7 7 2 1 8 1981 1998 2016 2033 2050 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT CELLULAR RECORDERS STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘20 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 137311institute.com MRL5 /9 4 /10 9 TRL /9 C HIMERAS, which are in the early Productisation Stage, is the field of research concerned with creating hybrid organisms that are comprised of two or more genetically distinct populations of genetically distinct cells and tissues. Recently there have been a number of breakthroughs in the field with several chimeric organisms being used to grow transplantable and viable human organs. However, while many people associate this technology with animals humans can also be chimeric under certain conditions. DEFINITION Chimeras are single organisms comprised of two or more populations of genetically distinct cells and tissues that originate from different organisms. EXAMPLE USE CASES While there are a lot of ethical and moral concerns about the development and use of Human-Animal chimeras this technology it is seen by some as providing us with a way to grow human organs on demand, such as Human-Pig hearts and livers, and Human-Mouse Pancreases, and other examples, that can then be used in human transplants and as a tool to solve today’s transplant crisis. However, while this is the most common use case another use case that is emerging is Viral Chimeras which might lead to new medical treatments. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow at an accelerating rate, albeit from a low base, primarily led by organisations in the healthcare sector. In time we will see Chimeras become more common place, but given people’s ethical concerns it’s unlikely that they will ever become mainstream even though they will become increasingly commercialised. While Chimeras are in the early Productisation Stage, over the long term they will be enhanced by advances in Genetic Engineering, however over the longer term they will likely be replaced by 3D Bio-Printing and Artificial Body Parts. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 5 5 5 9 7 6 7 8 1978 1985 2007 2021 2055 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT CHIMERAS STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘18, ‘22 138311institute.com EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. MRL3 /9 9 /10 4 TRL /9 C HROMOSOME ENGINEERING, a GENERAL PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY, which is in the early Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to edit and modify organisms chromosomes wholesale and is a technology that, in genetic engineering terms, takes us from editing individual genetic sentences to the equivalent of engineering and modifying entire chapters. Recently there have been a number of breakthroughs in the field including researchers use of it to accelerate the “natural biological evolution” of mammals by millions of years in mere months. As a result when mature this technology literally has the potential to change all life as we know it and enable all manner of new cross sector innovations in fields such as Biomanufacturing. DEFINITION Chromosome Engineering is the controlled generation and manipulation of chromosomal deletions, inversions, or translocations with defined endpoints to create organisms with new or enhanced characteristics. EXAMPLE USE CASES While Chromosome Engineering has been in development for decades its prime use cases have centered around improving the performance and productivity of plants, namely crops, and lower animals. As it develops though increasingly it will be used to create genetically identical human cells, except for the gender of those cells, which can be used as models to further researchers understanding of the different effects that medicines have on men and women. It will also be used to supress populations of pests, such as crop pests and Mosquitos, and perhaps most importantly in the long run enable researchers to accelerate the rate of evolution of biological organisms and systems containing biological components, such as Living Materials, etc, by billions fold. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in this field will accelerate, primarily led by organisations in the healthcare sector. In time we will see the technology commercialise and mature but it will likely face increasingly high regulatory hurdles given its power and potential for both good and bad. While Chromosome Engineering is still in the early Prototype Stage it could be enhanced by advances in AI, Genetic Firewalls and Kill Switches, Quantum Computing, CRISPR Gene Editing, Synthetic Biology, Synthetic DNA, Synthetic Organisms, and other technologies, however over the long term it’s unclear what it could be replaced by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, establish a point of view, and re- visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 3 2 7 9 3 3 8 1971 1982 2022 2038 2044 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT CHROMOSOME ENGINEERING STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘23, ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 139311institute.com MRLNext >