< Previous2 /9 9 /10 4 TRL /9 I NHALABLE RNA THERAPY, which is in the Concept Stage and Prototype Stage, is a new and revolutionary type of Gene Therapy that will allow an increasingly wide range of genetic conditions to be treated with inhalers or Nebulisers. While the technology has been discussed and debated for the past couple of decades recent progress in creating the first aerosol based messenger RNA (mRNA) therapy now means that soon the flood gates will open and that more treatments for more conditions will emerge. DEFINITION Inhalable RNA Therapies use mRNA in aerosol form to trigger human cells to produce proteins that can be used for the treatment of certain diseases. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today there are no commercial products and no products have been trialled in humans, but in lab trials researchers have demonstrated that the technology is a viable way to treat and cure Cystic Fibrosis in humans. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will stay relatively narrow and niche which will impact its overall rate of development, however, as the technology and its viability improves there will no doubt be an uptick in interest and investment. Before treatments can hit the market though the technology will have to overcome incredibly high regulatory hurdles, meaning that it will likely be decades before we see it available as a commercially available treatment. While Inhalable RNA Therapy is in the Concept Stage and Prototype Stage, over the long term it could be replaced by a variety of technologies including Bio-Computing, CRISPR Gene Editing, and In Vivo Gene Editing. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 1 2 1 4 8 2 1 8 2002 2006 2018 2028 2046 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT INHALABLE RNA THERAPY STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 150311institute.com MRL4 /9 7 /10 7 TRL /9 I NJECTABLE NEUROPROSTHETICS, which are in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with finding new ways to simply and effectively treat people with neurological and neuro-degenerative conditions using little more than designer nanoparticles and micro devices and an injection. Today the insertion of most neuroprosthetics into the human body requires some form of surgery, however recent breakthroughs in this field saw researchers inject nanoparticle solutions made from Magnetorestrictive Materials into patients which were then manipulated using magnetic fields to produce electrical fields which neurostimulated damaged nerves in patients and regenerated them, with the result being the complete restoration of nerve function in cases where originally damage to those nerves meant there was none. DEFINITION Injectable Neuroprosthetics are micro devices injected into the body to restore or enhance neurological functions. EXAMPLE USE CASES The ability to re-activate and regrow damaged nerves using a relatively straightforward solution of cheap nanoparticles could prove to be a breakthrough for any patients with untreatable nerve damage or degradation. Meanwhile other use cases include immune system modulation, organ repair and regeneration, pain management, targeted drug delivery, wound healing, as well as cardiac interventions, Diabetes management, Opthalmology, and many other use cases. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest and investment in Injectable Neuroprosthetics increase, primarily led by the Healthcare sector and university grants. The ability to re-activate, re-juvinate, and re-generate nerves within the human body easily and without the need for potentially complicated or expensive interventions make this technology revolutionary which means that, even though research in this area is limited, it could be revolutionary. While Injectable Neuroprosthetics are still in the Prototype Stage they could be enhanced by advances in Artificial Intelligence, Bio-Electronic Medicine, Magnetorestrictive Materials, Nano-Medicine, Regenerative Medicine, and other technologies, however over the long term it’s unclear what it could be superseded by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, establish a point of view, and re- visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 6 5 7 8 3 2 7 1966 1981 2023 2060 > 2075 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT INJECTABLE NEUROPROSTHETICS STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 151311institute.com MRL6 /9 4 /10 9 TRL /9 L ABS ON CHIPS, which is still largely in the Prototype Stage and early Productisation Stage, is the use of small 3D Printed plastic devices, or chips, that provide researchers with a way to precisely mimic the behaviours and functions of specific biological functions, and when stacked with other chips, entire biological systems. As a result they provide researchers with a fast and effective way to test the impact of drugs, environmental factors, and healthcare treatments much faster and cheaper than before. It is also possible that they could herald an end, one day, to animal testing. DEFINITION Labs on Chips are cheap small devices that integrate one or several laboratory functions onto a single chip. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Labs on Chips to test the impact of new drugs on a wide range of simulated human biological systems including on the blood-brain barrier, heart and liver tissue, as well as their potential impact on unborn children in the womb. However, as the technology matures it will also have a significant impact on a wide range of testing and monitoring fields, including, but not limited to, environmental monitoring. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will continue to accelerate, and investment and interest will continue to grow at an accelerating rate, especially now that the US FDA has approved the use of the technology in early stage drug trials. Inevitably, in the healthcare sector, the end goal of many of the researchers in the field is to create a complete Human on a Chip system that will help to accelerate the testing and eventual approval of new drugs and treatments by orders of magnitude. While Labs on Chips are still largely in the Prototype Stage and early Productisation Stage, over the long term the technology will be replaced by digital technologies, such as whole body Simulation Engines, but in the meantime they will be enhanced by Nano-Sensors, and Quantum Computing, which, once proved and accepted by regulators, could see the creation and assessment of new healthcare treatments closer to real time. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term, I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, and establish a point of view. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 7 7 2 8 8 7 7 8 1991 1993 2005 2016 2028 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22 LABS ON CHIPS EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 152311institute.com MRL3 /9 9 /10 7 TRL /9 L IVING PHARMACIES, which are in the early Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with creating medicinal pharmacies within the human body that are able to detect different diseases and then produce the medicines and treatments needed to counteract them in vivo without the need for any external assessment, diagnosis, or intervention. Recent breakthroughs include the use of probiotics to create and deliver Parkinson’s disease treatments within patients own bodies, and elsewhere other researchers are trying to turn humans into disease fighting supercomputers by combining together Bio-Manufacturing, Biological Computing, and Genetic Engineering technologies that can be used to create these in vivo living pharmacies, with some success. DEFINITION Living pharmacies are pharmacies within the human body that can identify and analyse different diseases and autonomously create and manufacture the treatments to combat them. EXAMPLE USE CASES Recently the development of implantable immunotherapies and probiotics have let researchers create in vivo pharmacies and treatment manufacturing centers for diseases including cancer and Parkinsons disease, in the latters case by modifying the genetic make up and behaviours of the patients gut microbiome. Over the longer term though organisations such as DARPA are developing Implantable Medical Devices (IMDs) with Bio-Engineered cells that can be used to autonomously treat everything from Diarrhoea to jet lag. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow at an accelerating rate, albeit from a low base, primarily led by organisations in the Defense and Healthcare sectors, with limited support from government funding and university grants. In time we will see Living Pharmacies and the technologies used to create them mature and commercialise, but as they become more sophisticated it’s highly likely their development will be slowed down by regulators trying to get their heads around the technology’s implications. While Living Pharmacies are in the early Prototype Stage, over the long term they will be enhanced by advances in Bio- Manufacturing, Biological Computing, Genetic Engineering, and others, but at this point in time it is not clear what they will be replaced by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 3 2 6 9 2 2 8 1967 1988 2021 2052 >2075 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT LIVING PHARMACIES STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 153311institute.com EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. MRL2 /9 2 /10 4 TRL /9 M AGNETIC WORMHOLES, which are still in the Concept Stage and very early Prototype Stage, is the use of powerful magnetic forces to create science fiction like wormhole effects where the magnetic field literally disappears, and is unmeasurable using all modern instrumentation, as it travels between two points. While the phenomenon is not understood, it has been demonstrated under lab conditions, and if it can be tamed then the phenomenon would lead to the creation of a range of new magneto products and solutions that, in short, defy today’s laws of physics, and bearing in mind just how widely magnets are used, from car engines to hospital MRI machines, it could revolutionise industries. DEFINITION Magnetic Wormholes are magnetic fields that appear to vanish and become untraceable by any known instrumentation. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today there are no working products show casing the technology, but one of the first applications could be Magnetic Wormhole MRI scanners that scan individuals as they walk freely throughout a room, rather than having to lie down in the machines as they do today. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will remain exotic and limited, with an increasing amount of interest but a limited amount of investment. As a result it is unlikely that the technology will be productised for decades, if ever. While Magnetic Wormholes are still in the Concept Stage and very early Prototype Stage, over the long term it is not clear what technologies could replace it. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every three or so years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 1 1 1 4 4 1 1 7 1964 1971 2017 2034 2048 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT MAGNETIC WORMHOLES STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘19 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 154311institute.com MRL4 /9 6 /10 7 TRL /9 M ECHANO-GENETIC STIMULATION, which is in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with finding new ways of activating, altering, and manipulating genes and gene expression in patients using mechanical stimulation methods such as sound waves. Recently, in the first demonstration of this technology researchers enclosed insulin producing designer cells, that had been coded with specific proteins, in capsules within mice and then applied different triggers, including electricity, light, sound, and temperature, to get them to release insulin on demand thus opening the door to an entirely new kind of gene therapy which could have all kinds of untold potential for how we target and treat disease in the future and how patients administer their treatments. DEFINITION Mechano-Genetic Stimulation is the activation and manipulation of genes using mechanical stimulii such as sound. EXAMPLE USE CASES At the moment the primary use case for this technology is as a novel way to activate designer cells and get them to release drugs on demand in situ. However, when combined with Living Pharmacies and other Bio-Medicine concepts the ultimate benefit of this technology could be to eventually fully automate patients drug administration via, for example, a wearable device which could activate the automatic release of medicine within patients bodies which, in some cases could vastly improve the living standards of patients with chronic conditions or who are unable to self-medicate. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest and investment in Mechano-Genetic Stimulation increase, primarily led by the Healthcare sector and university grants. While this technology is both novel and has great utility the fact of the matter remains that ultimately it can help dramatically improve the living standards of patients, and while it is certain to face ethical and regulatory challenges the upsides could be life changing and open the door to a whole new way of treating ailments and disease. While Mechano-Genetic Stimulation is still in the Prototype Stage it could be enhanced by advances in Artificial Intelligence, CRISPR, Nano-Medicine, Nanotechnology, Synthetic Biology, and other technologies, however over the long term it’s unclear what it could be superseded by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, establish a point of view, and re- visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 7 2 7 6 2 2 8 1981 2005 2023 2057 2071 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT MECHANO-GENETIC STIMULATION STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 155311institute.com MRL3 /9 7 /10 7 TRL /9 M EDICAL TRICORDERS, are ironically in the early Productisation Stage, depsite the fact that today we already have many of the technologies, from Artificial Intelligence, Machine Vision, and Sensors, that we need to turn today’s common-a-garden smartphones into the first generation of devices capable of accurately diagnosing everything from Depression and Skin Cancer, to Dementia and even Pancreatic Cancer. A staple of many science fiction films Medical Tricorders are positioned as the future physicians go to diagnostic tool, but their development is, arguably, being held back by the fact that researchers are focused on creating new, custom devices rather than experimenting with what we have available in our hands today, or, to use an analogy, the “supercomputer in our pockets.” DEFINITION Medical Tricorders are hand held, non invasive devices that can detect and diagnose a range of medical conditions in real time. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Medical Tricorders, and by that I mean our smartphones, to diagnose dementia, depression, disease, inherited genetic disorders, rudimentary cancers, and more. all of which is just the tip of the iceberg. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment in it will continue to grow, but it is also likely that researchers focused on discovering new ways to identify and diagnose diseases will be siloed and that groups will develop solutions in isolation to one another. Only when we see these individual research strands join together will we see the development and eventual regulation and commercialisation of the world’s first true Medical Tricorder. While Medical Tricorders are still in the early Productisation Stage, over the long term they could be replaced by Biological Computers and Smart Medicine that are enhanced by different collections of User Experience technologies. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 4 7 6 7 8 6 3 9 1968 1998 2016 2023 2030 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘18, ‘19 MEDICAL TRICORDERS EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 156311institute.com MRL4 /9 8 /10 4 TRL /9 M EMORY EDITING, which is still in the early Prototype Stage, is a science fiction like technology that is increasingly becoming real thanks to significant advances in Artificial Intelligence, Brain Machine Interfaces, Neuro-Prosthetics, and Neuroscience. Increasingly today researchers are unravelling the mysteries of the human brain, including the mechanics of how we create and retain long and short term memories. As a result researchers are increasingly able to use this information to interfere with and influence memory to the point where now we are seeing the very early stages of being able to edit memory in the same way we edit word processing documents using copy, cut and paste functionality. DEFINITION Memory Editing is the purposeful manipulation of the human brain using a variety of technologies to alter and edit memories. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Memory Editing technologies to eradicate memories associated with Addiction, and Depression, and researchers have also managed to edit memories related to behaviours and food. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will continue to accelerate, albeit constrained to specialist research teams, and interest and investment in the space will continue to grow, again albeit at a moderate rate. Ultimately researchers want to get to the point where we are able to edit the human memory in the same way we edit word processing documents. While Memory Editing is still in the early Prototype Stage, over the long term it is not clear what technologies could replace it. That said though there are plenty of technologies, from Brain Machine Interfaces and Biological Computers, to Neuro-Prosthetics, Smart Medicine and Virtual Reality, that can all be combined together in different ways to augment and enhance it. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, and re-visit it every three or so years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 2 1 6 6 4 3 8 1964 1976 2016 2029 2044 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT MEMORY EDITING STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 157311institute.com MRL3 /9 9 /10 5 TRL /9 N ANO-MEDICINE, which is still largely in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, is often thought of by people in terms of the miniature Nanobots and Nano- Machines that are designed to travel throughout people’s bodies seeking out disease and eliminating it. But the reality is far more entertaining and wierder. Today we are developing a range of nano-technologies, from Nanoparticles that can track and monitor diseases, such as Cancer, within the body, brain controlled Nano-Machines with enzyme engines that can detect disease and deliver drugs with nanometer scale precision if they detect the onset of a psychotic episode, such as an epileptic fit, and Nanobot GPS systems that let us keep track of them all. DEFINITION Nano Medicine is the application of Nanotechnology to prevent and treat disease and psychosomatic conditions. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Nano-Medicine, in the form of Nanoparticles, to help us locate and identify cancers so they can be more prescicely targeted and tracked, but in the future use cases will include the use of Nanobots and Nano- Machines to identify and eliminate disease, perform targeted drug delivery, and even in vivo human surgical procedures, all of which have been demonstrated but not regulated or commercialised. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow. However, while there have already been some staggering breakthroughs in the labs the eventual productisation and commercialisation of the technology will be wholly reliant on regulators approving its use, and as the challenge of assessing the impact of such microscopic technologies on the human body continue to prove challenging this could take decades. While Nano-Medicine is still largely in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage at the moment there are only a couple of technologies on the horizon that could replace it, including Biological Computing, CRISPR Gene Editing, DNA Robots and Soft Robots, and In Vivo Gene Editing. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term, I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, and establish a point of view. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 2 4 6 6 5 3 7 1967 2002 2010 2027 2052 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘23, ‘24 NANO-MEDICINE EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 158311institute.com MRL5 /9 5 /10 9 TRL /9 N EURO-PROSTHETICS, which is now in the early Productisation Stage, is the marriage of advanced prosthetic devices with Brain Machine Interface technologies. As the technology continues to advance the field is burgeoning, with some devices being directly implanted into people’s brains in order to augment, monitor and modulate people’s memories and thoughts, while others are connected, directly, via direct attachment to people’s peripheral nervous system, or indirectly, via wireless connections, to people’s brainwave activity. The result is an increasing array of Neuro- Prosthetic devices that help people with neurdegenerative disorders regain function, and devices that help people who have lost limbs regain life like mobility by using the power of thought. DEFINITION Neuro-Prosthetics are mechanical devices that are directly, and indirectly, connected to an organisms Peripheral or Central Nervous System in order to enhance its cognitive, motor or sensory capabilities. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using brain implanted Neuro-Prosthetics to help improve memory performance and memory retention in dementia patients by upto 30 percent, and helping amputees regain life like mobility again by letting them control the behaviours and motion of their prosthetic limbs using the power of thought. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow. Similarly, the number and range of Neuro- Prosthetic products being developed and produced will continue to expand as the individual technologies and control systems supporting them continue to mature. While Neuro-Prosthetics are still in the early Productisation Stage, in the long term the only technology on the horizon that could replace Neuro-Prosthetic limbs would be Artificial Body Parts and Regenerative Medicine, and the only technology that could replace Neuro-Prosthetic brain implants would be Artificial Body Parts and Stem Cell Technology. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the potential. implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 6 4 2 8 8 6 5 8 1983 2004 2011 2016 2033 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT NEURO-PROSTHETICS STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 159311institute.com MRLNext >