< Previous4 /9 7 /10 6 TRL /9 N EUROLOGY, which is still in the Productisation Stage, is the field of research involved with understanding and finding treatments for ailments and diseases that affect the human brain, central nervous system, and spine. Recently there have been dramatic breakthroughs in both Neuroscience and Neurology which, when combined with other technology developments including in Brain Machine Interfaces, Carbon Nanotubes, High Resolution fMRI, Neural Interfaces, Neuro-Prosthetics, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Technology, and more, mean that the field is now starting to enter its golden age. DEFINITION Neurology is the branch of medicine or biology that deals with the anatomy, functions, and organic disorders of nerves and the nervous system. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today Neurology is being used to cure Paralysis, help people with ALS and Locked In Syndrome communicate with loved ones, live stream images, movies and thoughts in real time from people’s minds, treat Addiction, Dementia and PTSD with new levels of effectivness and efficiency, turn Parkinsons Disease on and off, and more. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the space will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow and accelerate. The field will also get a big boost when the first Exascale Supercomputers come on line which will let researchers simulate the entire human brain, not just the 10 percent of it that they can do today. As a result we will see the number of breakthroughs in the field increase dramatically, and as research gathers momentum in the other complimentary technology fields the field will start to hit the knee of the exponential acceleration curve. While the technology is still in the Productisation Stage, over the long term it will be enhanced by Brain Machine Interfaces, Carbon Nanotubes, Graphene, High Resolution fMRI, Neural Interfaces, Neuro-Prosthetics, Regenerative Medicine, and Stem Cell Technology. However, it is unlikely to be replaced. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 8 4 2 6 8 7 7 8 1972 1983 1994 2008 2042 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘19 NEUROLOGY EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 160311institute.com MRL2 /9 5 /10 4 TRL /9 O RGANOIDS, which are in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to find new ways to develop and grow human and non- human organs ex vivo. Recently there have been several breakthroughs including the development of new organoid human and mouse mini brains which have then gone on to spontaneously learn how to play games and sense images - in many cases better than machine based AI’s. While unexpected these “accidents” have now given rise to a new technology field - that of Synthetic Biological Intelligence (SBI) - which could have huge implications in the future across sectors. Asides from these and other similar breakthroughs we’ve also seen growing of human stomachs and other mini organs in dishes which one day could be transplant worthy, and other similarly sci-fi-like breakthroughs. DEFINITION Organoids are artificially grown masses of cells or tissues that resemble an organ. EXAMPLE USE CASES While the primary use case includes their eventual use in human transplants they are also proving useful when it comes to helping researchers conduct medical research and test new drug treatments. They’re also giving researchers vital insights into how organs grow and behave which, as researchers study the processes driving these, will have wide ranging medical implications. Then there’s the unusual use case of growing human-like brains ex vivo which, as they acquire their own “intelligence” and “sensing abilities” that rival the abilities of machine AI could one day lead to a new ultra powerful class of AI - with all that entails. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest in this field accelerate, albeit from a low base, predominantly led by the healthcare sector and government grants. While many people see this field as aiding medical research and solving the transplant crisis arguably it’s the ability of this field to drive advances in Hybrid Human Organs as well as new classes of AI’s which could turbo charge its development. While Organoids are still in the Prototype Stage they could be enhanced by advances in 3D and 4D Bio-Printing, Bio-Hybrid Organs, Bio-Manufacturing, Cellular Recorders, CRISPR Gene Editing, Stem Cell Technology, Synthetic Biological Intelligence, Synthetic DNA, and others, however over the long term it could be replaced by 3D and 4D Bio-Printing. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 4 4 4 7 7 6 3 8 1981 1990 2009 2032 2044 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT ORGANOIDS STARBURST APPEARANCES: NONE EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 161311institute.com MRL5 /9 9 /10 9 TRL /9 P ERSONALISED MEDICINE, which is still in the Concept Stage and Prototype Stage, is the promise of being able to individually tailor and personalise specific medical treatments according to the person’s own genomic and proteomic information. While the field is much talked about the challenge of unravelling the mysteries of the human body at a granular enough level to create these treatments is still a very difficult and complex task, so as a consequence many personalised treatments are still expensive and used in exceptional circumstances. That said though as we unravel the mysteries of the human genome, and as new DNA sequencing and diagnostic tools become available being able to tailor treatments becomes an increasingly viable proposition. That said though the benefits of the field include faster, and more effective treatment for patients, with dramatically reduced recovery times and significantly fewer post treatment implications and complications. DEFINITION Personalised Medicine is the use of an individuals Genomic and Proteomic information to better diagnose, treat and prevent disease. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Personalised Medicine to treat a very narrow range of patients, especially those suffering from Cancer and inherited genetic conditions. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the field will continue to acelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow at accelerating rates, albeit that researchers in the field will focus on those diseases and situations where their research efforts can have the greatest impact to the most people. While Personalised Medicine is still in the Concept Stage and Prototype Stage in the long term it is unlikely to be replaced. Instead it will be enhanced and complimented by new powerful technologies including Artificial Body Parts, CRISPR Gene Editing, In Vivo Gene Editing, Nano-Medicine, Regeneritive Medicine, Semi-Synthetic Cells, Synthetic Cells, Stem Cell Technology, and Tissue Engineering. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, and forecast out the potential. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 4 4 5 6 8 7 5 9 2002 2013 2016 2024 2034 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT PERSONALISED MEDICINE STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘22, ‘23 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 162311institute.com MRL6 /9 5 /10 6 TRL /9 P HAGE THERAPY, which is in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to find effective alternatives to anti-biotics in this case by using bacteriophages to treat and destroy drug resistant bacterial infections. By harnessing the natural abilities of bacteriophages, or viruses which prey on bacteria, it’s hoped that this technology could be a valuable weapon in the war against the trend of anti-biotic resistance. Recently there have been a number of breakthroughs in the field including the use of bacteriophages to successfully treat patients where all anti- biotic treatments had failed and who without phage therapy would have died. DEFINITION Phage Therapy is the therapeutic use of bacteriophages for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today the primary use case for this technology is to help fight anti-biotic resistant bacterial infections and it has already been used successfully with multidrug-resistant bacterial infections who without the treatment would have otherwise died. In the longer term though it could have a significant impact on the treatment of everything from eye infections and staphylococcal lung infections, to sepsis, UTI’s, wound infections, and beyond. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest in this field accelerate, albeit from a low base, predominantly led by the healthcare sector and government grants. As the WHO continues to declare anti-biotic resistance as the next global pandemic it’s difficult to see why Phage Therapy won’t play a more central role in treating patients with all manner of bacterial infections, and with regulators also looking favourably on this highly adaptable technology the future for it looks promising. While Phage Therapy is still in the Prototype Stage it could be enhanced by advances in AI, CRISPR Gene Editing, Nano-Medicine, Synthetic Biology, and other technologies, and replaced by Human Hybrid Immune Systems although perhaps not entirely. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 4 6 7 8 4 4 8 1981 1989 1996 2021 2036 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT PHAGE THERAPY STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘23, ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 163311institute.com MRL1 /9 4 /10 6 TRL /9 P REDICTIVE VACCINES, which is in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to use Artificial Intelligence to predict how existing viruses could mutate in the future, which would then enable researchers to develop vaccines before those new viruses get a foothold in the wild and limit their impact. In a hat tip to research done during the COVID-19 pandemic recent breakthroughs in this field include the use of Machine Learning, combined with genetic data from the Coronavirus, to predict future mutations and their potential impacts on individual human populations. The researchers then synthesised predictive vaccines to counter and nullify the effect of those mutations and were successful in defeating the new mutated viruses in 65% of cases. While impressive the real news here is that increasingly we have a pathway to a new create a new healthcare trend that I’ll refer to as Predictive Medicine. DEFINITION Predictive Vaccines is the use of Artificial Intelligence to predict future viral mutations that enable researchers to develop vaccines before the mutations appear in the wild and cause harm. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today the major use case for this technology is the ability to predict how viruses and diseases could mutate and then create antidotes and vaccines to counter the worst and most deadly viruses before they emerge in the wild and spread. Imagine, for example, contracting the latest Ebola strain and already being vaccinated against it - and other less deadly diseases. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest and investment in Predictive Vaccines increase, primarily led by university grants and the Healthcare sector. While we are all aware of Predictive Health - the use of AI and other technologies to predict that you might get ill - this is the first example of Predictive Medicine and hopefully I don’t have to spell this one out to you as to why the combination of the two - which have broad applicability - could transform global healthcare and help increase human longevity. While Predictive Vaccines are still in the Prototype Stage they could be enhanced by advances in Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Computing, Synthetic Biology, and other technologies, however over the long term it’s unclear what it could be superseded by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, establish a point of view, and re- visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 4 5 3 8 9 3 2 7 2020 2021 2023 2034 2055 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT PREDICTIVE VACCINES STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 164311institute.com MRL8 /9 7 /10 9 TRL /9 R APID GENE SEQUENCING, which is in the early Commercialisation Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to develop the technology needed to sequence human and non-human genomes in near real time for almost no cost. Recently we saw the most significant breakthough ever in this field after scientists managed to sequence the complete genomes of human patients in less than five hours for less than $100 - an initiative that is now starting to put the trend of truly personalised healthcare within arms reach and make it possible to develop truly personalised and tailored patient treatments that could help defeat deadly diseases, such as Cancer with sci-fi like ability. DEFINITION Rapid Gene Sequencing is the high-speed process of determining the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule. EXAMPLE USE CASES The ability to do real time or near real time genome sequencing means that it’s increasingly easy to analyse the genetic make up of both humans and the diseases that affect us, with an example of this being the benefit of this technology to create highly personalised and highly targeted Cancer treatments which, in the Personalised Healthcare space we’ve already seen be 100% effective in killing certain types of Cancer. Putting this mildly, when combined with other enabling technologies in some cases this technology is the literal Silver Bullet that doctors have been waiting for to help patients survive some of the worst and most deadly diseases known to man. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest and investment in Rapid Gene Sequencing increase, primarily led by the Healthcare and Technology sectors. Over the longer term the ability to create highly effective, highly targeted medical treatments for patients at increasingly low cost, will open the door to yet another healthcare revolution which will help extend human longevity, and when combined with AI analysis and other complimentary technologies, many people see this technology as the Holy Grail of medicine. While Rapid Gene Sequencing is still in the early Commercialisation Stage it could be enhanced by advances in Artificial Intelligence, CRISPR, Quantum Computing, Materials, Synthetic Biology, Sensors, and other technologies, however over the long term it’s unclear what it could be superseded by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, and establish a point of view. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 6 4 5 8 9 3 2 9 1977 1993 2018 2023 2045 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT RAPID GENE SEQUENCING STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 165311institute.com MRL2 /9 4 /10 4 TRL /9 M REGENERITIVE MEDICINE, which is still in the Prototype Stage and very early Productised Stage, is the mystical ability to re-grow different body parts on demand, as old ones are damaged or lost. While there are many animals who have this ability, ranging from Starfish and Salamanders to Zebra Fish, which is the result of their genomic make up, it is thought that the genes needed to re- grow and re-generate human organs and limbs have become dormant over time. As a result researchers are trying to identify the genes responsible for regeneration, understand the mechanisms, and re-activate them in other animals and humans, and so far they have had a number of successes that include identifying the genes needed for whole body re- generation in Three Banded Tiger Worms, and being able to re-grow severed frogs legs and rat’s toes using silk Bioreactors and exotic Progesterone cocktails. DEFINITION Regenerative Medicine refers to a group of biomedical approaches that have the potential to fully heal and re-grow damaged tissues and organs. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today Regeneritive Medicine in humans is limited to using bandages laced with exotic cocktails that accelerate wound healing, but so far the ability to perform more complex regeneration is elluding researchers, within humans at least. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the space will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment in the sector will continue to grow. However, the field is a very complex one, with multiple genes and biological mechanisms controlling and directing regeneration, and understanding, and then being able to replicate them, even to a modest extent is incredibly complex. Similarly when the technology does develop sufficiently enough to be used on humans there will be serious ethical and regulatory hurdles to overcome. While Regenerative Medicine is still in the Prototype Stage and very early Productised Stage, over the long term it could be enhanced by Bioreactors, Brain Machine Interfaces, and Neuro-Prosthetics, and replaced by CRISPR Gene Editing, and Stem Cell Technology. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 2 3 4 9 5 4 8 1972 2002 2016 2028 2050 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 REGENERATIVE MEDICINE EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 166311institute.com MRL1 /9 4 /10 2 TRL /9 R ESURRECTION, which is in the Concept Stage, is the field of research concerned with bringing people back from the dead, ideally in their original physical form with their original experiences and memories intact. Recently researchers have made several advances in the field across a range of technology disciplines which include being able to bring people out of comas using light, being able to genetically reconstruct the genomes of people who died centuries ago which could then be cloned to create Artificial Humans and be imbued with downloaded, edited, and manipulated human memories, creating life-like digital clones of dead people complete with realistic behaviours and responses, cryogenics, and the suspended animation of entire biological entities and individual human organs. Suffice to say though there is still alot of work to be done. DEFINITION Resurrection is the concept of bringing people back from the dead in one form or another. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today the vast majority of people want to live forever and in order to do so they will need to rely on Exponential Healthcare technologies and Anti Ageing or Longevity technologies. However, in the event that a person does die the development of these technologies will allow them to be “re-born” in digital, hybrid, and or physical form. Although, that said, there will be obvious ethical, societal, and religious implications to deal with. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow at an accelerating rate, primarily led by organisations in the Healthcare and Technology sectors, with tacit support from governments. In time we will see the technology to enable resurrection, in a variety of both digital, hybrid, and physical forms mature at which point it will cause a societal paradigm shift. While Resurrection is in the Concept Stage, over the long term it will be enhanced by advances in Anti Ageing, Artificial Humans, Artificial Body Parts and Wombs, Cryogenics, Designer Humans, Digital Humans, Genetic Engineering, Memory downloading, editing, manipulation, and transfer, Neuro-Prosthetics, Stem Cells, Suspended Animation, and Synthetic Biology, but at this point in time it is not clear what it will be replaced by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, and forecast out the implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 1 1 1 2 9 1 1 5 0 1972 2040 >2075 >2075 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘21, ‘22 RESURRECTION EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 167311institute.com MRL2 /9 9 /10 4 TRL /9 S ELF-DELETING GENES, which is in the Concept and Early Prototype Stage, is the field of research dedicated to finding new ways to genetically engineer and manipulate organisms and then be able to undo those changes, as well as undo all transgene creations, when they have fulfilled their function. Recently there have been a number of breakthroughs in the field including the development of a new process that allows researchers to store an organisms original genetic sequence, in a system of record within the organism itself - a back up of sorts. This then allows the researchers to make the necessary changes to the organisms genetic makeup using gene editing tools, such as CAST and CRISPR, and then, when the features those new edits enable are no longer needed, the organisms genes can be rolled back to their original versions. DEFINITION Self-Deleting Genes is a technology that allows people to delete and roll back the modifications made to genetically engineered genes or genomes. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Gene Editing and Genetic Engineering to create all manner of Genetically Modified Organisms, and there is also the fear that new human Aerosol and In Vivo Gene Editing technologies will be used to genetically alter humans, for better and worse. All this makes it vitally important that we have a way to undo and roll back harmful changes to DNA, genes, and genomes. This technology also allows researchers to implement genetic modifications that have an expiry date, and enable them to create GMO’s with temporary, not permanent, genetic characteristics. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade interest in the field will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow at an accelerating rate, primarily led by organisations in the Healthcare sector, with support from government funding and university grants. In time we will see the technology mature to a point where it is ready to be deployed, at which time the ethics boards and regulators will step in to establish a way forwards. While Self-Deleting Genes is in the concept and Early Prototype Stage, over the long term they will be enhanced by advances in CAST and CRISPR, and Gene Drives, as well as Genetic Engineering, and Synthetic DNA, but at this point in time it is not clear what they will be replaced by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 1 1 1 3 9 2 1 7 2001 2007 2022 2042 2065 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘22 SELF-DELETING GENES EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 168311institute.com MRL3 /9 9 /10 4 TRL /9 S EMI-SYNTHETIC CELLS, which are still in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, is the fusion of both inorganic and organic compounds within biologically active, living cells to create hybrid cells that have unique properties that have a range of new, and unique properties. These Semi-Synthetic cells could be used to aid and enhance drug delivery within the human body, create new semi-synthetic organisms and sensors, and accelerate and enhance the development of cell based Bio-Manufacturing technologies. DEFINITION Semi-Synthetic Cells are artificially manufactured or modified cells that are made up from a mixture of different inorganic, organic and synthetic components and materials. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we have created Semi-Synthetic Cells with artificial membranes and cell walls that can withstand highly toxic conditions that would kill ordinary biological cells. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the course of the next decade research in the space will accelerate, and interest and investment will grow. However, given the sheer complexity of the field, and our current lack of understanding of the mechanics that control and drive cell behaviours, let alone what impact introducing foreign components into that mix will have, it is fair to say that progress in the field will remain constant for some time, and then accelerate dramatically as more of the mysteries of cells are unravelled. While Semi-Synthetic Cells are still in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, over the long term the technology will be enhanced by advances in 3D Bio-Printing, 3D Printing, Bio- Manufacturing, CRISPR Gene Editing, In Vivo Gene Therapy, Molecular Assemblers, Stem Cell Technology, and Synthetic Cells, but not replaced. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 3 2 2 4 5 4 2 7 1993 2001 2017 2029 2044 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT SEMI-SYNTHETIC CELLS STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘19 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 169311institute.com MRLNext >