< Previous6 /9 3 /10 8 TRL /9 X ENOTRANSPLANTATION, which is in the Prototype Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to find new ways to transplant the organs of Chimeric Organisms into human patients who for whatever reason have no alternative transplant options. While there have been limited breakthroughs in the field our ability to create Chimeric organs for transplant is improving as too are the techniques to transplant those organis into human patients. However, so far while there have been several transplants the results have not been as good as people hoped with some patients unexpectedly dying from hitherto undetermined complications. Despite this though researchers in the field have hope for the future. DEFINITION Xenotransplantation is the process of grafting or transplanting organs or tissues between members of different species. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today the primary use case for this technology, and arguably the only one at the moment, is to help solve the human organ transplant problem where today a severe lack of viable human organs for transplant patients means that many of them either live severely limited lives or die before suitable organs become available. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest in the field accelerate, albeit from a low base, predominantly led by the healthcare sector. However, as we continue to see the rise of alternative organ therapies, such as Universal Organs and 3D and 4D Bio-Printed organs, the future for this particular research thread is uncertain. That said though given the fact that the supply of human organs for transplant remains restricted regulators have been keen to engage so while the time window for success is narrowing it’s not time to count this technology out quite yet. While Xenotransplantation is still in the Prototype Stage it could be enhanced by advances in Chimeras, Organ Printing, Universal Organs, and other technologies, however over the long term it is likely to be replaced by Organ Printing and Regenerative Medicine. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 5 6 5 8 7 6 8 8 1975 1983 1995 2032 2040 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT XENOTRANSPLANTATION STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘23 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 180311institute.com MRL181311institute.comCOMPUTET ODAY WE think of computing in much the same way we have for the last number of decades - in digital bits and bytes running on silicon. But tomorrow’s computing platforms will instead harness the power of biology, chemistry and physics, to create new formats and platforms that are capable of packing all of today’s computing power into nothing more than the size of a test tube, and which far exceed the power and potential of even the most powerful systems we have today. In this section you will find details of the emerging technologies that made it into this years Griffin Emerging Technology Starburst along with details of other impactful emerging technologies: 1.Analogue Computing 2.Biological Computing 3.Blockchain 4.Chemical Computing 5.Distributed Computing 6.DNA Computing 7.Earable Computing 8.Edge Computing 9.Exascale Computing 10.Federated Supercomputing 11.Intelligence Processing Units 12.Ionic Computing 13.Liquid Computing 14.Meta Computing 15.Micromotes 16.Minerless Blockchains 17.Molecular Computing 18.Nano Magnetic Computing 19.Nanoscale Computing 20.Neuromorphic Computing 21.Organic Computing 22.Photonic Computing 23.Pneumatic Computers 24.Quantum Computing 25.Substrate Computing 26.Terahertz Computer Chips 27.UHD Rendering Engines 28.Wave Computing In addition to these emerging technologies there are many others that have yet to get an entry in this codex. These include, but are not limited to: 29.3D Chips 30.Bio-Molecular Software 31.Bio-Photonics 32.Carbon Nanotube Transistors 33.Chiplets 34.Cloud Based Rendering Engines 35.Codeless Computing 36.Computational Semantics 37.Containerisation 38.Decentralised Applications 39.DNA Storage 40.Fiber Computing 41.Gate All Around Transistors 42.Graphic Processor Units 43.Intercloud Computing 44.Memristors 45.Memtransistors 46.Neural Processing Units 47.Neurosynaptic Chips 48.Neurotransistors 49.Polymer Storage Technology 50.Probablistic Computing 51.Progressive Web Applications 52.Quantum Simulators 53.Serverless Computing 54.Silicon Photonics 55.Spatial Computing 56.Storage Crystals 57.Virtualisation 183311institute.com BOOK AN EXPERT CALL4 /9 3 /10 6 TRL /9 A NALOGUE COMPUTING, which is in the early Commercialisation Stage, is the field of research concerned with trying to develop a new kind of ultra low power computing platform that has special utility, especially when it comes to being able to run large scale Analogue Artificial Intelligence models. Recent breakthroughs include the development of increasingly powerful and commercially viable analogue computing chips by major US technology companies which could in time form the foundation of a new range of cloud computing and edge computing platforms. DEFINITION Analogue Computing systems use the continuous variation of analogue signals to model and solve problems. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today Analogue Computing platforms are fairly limited in their utility, however given their unique characteristics they excel at the simulation of physical streams and can solve differential equations in real time, making them valuable for engineers and scientists who want to analyse system behaviours and optimise designs. Other use cases also include the ability to efficiently optimise different dynamic systems that have continuous inputs and outputs, as well as their use in electronic warfare applications, flight simulation, missile guidance, navigation, and even spectrum analysis. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade we will continue to see interest and investment in Analogue Computing increase, primarily led by the Aerospace and Technology sectors. Today it’s all too easy to think we live in a digital only world but there are still a huge number of applications and data sets that are analogue in nature which makes this computing platform, albeit niche by comparison to some others, vitally important, therefore this is a technology that still has a long life ahead of it. While Analogue Computing is still in the early Commercialisation Stage it could be enhanced by advances in Analogue Artificial Intelligence, Materials, Quantum Computing, and other technologies, however over the long term it’s unclear what it could be superseded by. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, establish a point of view, and re- visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 4 6 3 7 8 5 2 7 1981 1996 2015 2023 2041 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT ANALOGUE COMPUTING STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 184311institute.com MRL3 /9 9 /10 4 TRL /9 B IOLOGICAL COMPUTING, a GENERAL PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY, which is still in the Concept Stage and Prototype Stage, is the field of computing concerned with turning biological systems, from the most basic forms of bacteria to humans, into computing and storage platforms. Closely coupled with DNA Computing, and made possible by advances in CRISPR Gene Editing, ultimately these will quickly become the most powerful and complex computing platforms ever created, capable of packing all of today’s computing power into something no larger than a test tube, and potentially far exceeding the performance of Quantum Computers. Similarly, as the rise of Bio based products and industries continue to emerge these platforms could, over time, become the planets main de facto computing standard. DEFINITION Biological Computers use systems of biologically derived molecules, such as DNA and proteins, capable of performing computational calculations that involve the storing, retrieving, and processing data. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we have created Biological Computers, in the form of bacteria and human Liver cells, capable of computing and storing data, and re-playing videos. We have also demonstrated in the lab that we can turn human as well as mammalian cells into powerful Biological Computers capable of turning the human body into a disease fighting supercomputer capable of identifying disease and then manufacturing the drugs needed to eliminate them. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the area will continue to accelerate, and while interest and investment in the space is growing it is growing from a very low, specialist base. As a result it is likely that the bulk of the work will be restricted to the labs. However, as our understanding of genetics, and as our Gene Editing tools improve, this rate of acceleration will increase, but it is also highly likely that the Productisation of the technology will be heavily impacted and slowed down by the regulators. While Biological Computing is still in the Prototype Stage and Concept Stage, over the long term it will be enhanced by new advances in 3D Bio-Printing, CRISPR Gene Editing, DNA Computing, Molecular Computing, Molecular Assemblers, Nanotechnology, and Quantum Computing, but not replaced. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, establish a point of view, and re- visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 3 7 7 9 2 1 7 1991 2014 2018 2026 2048 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 BIOLOGICAL COMPUTING EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 185311institute.com MRL9 /9 3 /10 9 TRL /9 B LOCKCHAIN, a GENERAL PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY, which is in the Prototype Stage and Productisation Stage, is a technology revolutionising the way decentralised and disparate third party organisations and systems, across all sectors and types, communicate and interact with one another. While the technology has seen its share of hype, which was initially responsible for its fast rise to fame, the technology is slowly coming into its own, and in the minds of many people, including governments and regulators, is finally starting to loose its Bitcoin stigma which was arguably holding it back. As the technology shows the early signs of maturing we now look forwards to seeing it roll into the mainstream. DEFINITION Blockchain is a tamper proof, verified, decentralised public ledger of digital events. It’s data can never be erased and new data can only be added to it once the consensus of a majority of the Miners in the system is reached. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today there are thousands of use cases already being productised, from the creation of national cryptocurrencies, and new global banking, identity, logistics and supply chain solutions, to the creation of new cyber-security, internet and RegTech services. There is arguably no limit to the number of use cases the technology can be applied to. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the area will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow, albeit in a slightly cyclical manner as the technology will likely still experience sudden surges in popularity. While Blockchain is still in the Prototype Stage and Productisation Stage, over the long term it will be enhanced by Artificial Intelligence, and Quantum Safe Blockchains, and potentially replaced by new forms of Minerless Blockchains. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, with a view to implementing it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 9 7 4 9 9 8 5 8 2008 2008 2008 2012 2026 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT BLOCKCHAIN STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 186311institute.com MRL2 /9 8 /10 4 TRL /9 C HEMICAL COMPUTING, a GENERAL PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY, which is stil in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, is a form of computing that uses chemicals to process and store information in Chits, which are the Chemical Computing equivalent of Binary units. Unlike their silicon based equivalents Chemical Computers have the advantage that they can take many forms, both liquid and semi-liquid, and as a result they will be able to be incorporated into many different products, as well as environments and living organisms, including humans. DEFINITION Chemical Computers use varying concentrations of different chemicals, and Acid-Base reactions, to store and process information contained in Chemical Bits. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using basic Chemical Computers to send text messages and perform basic calculations, but over the longer term possible use cases could also include environmental monitoring, manufacturing and more. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the space will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow, albeit from a low base. While Chemical Computers are still in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, over the long term they will be enhanced by Molecular Assemblers, Molecular Robotics, Nano-Manufacturing, and Nano-Robotics, and eventually it is highly likely that the category will merge with the Molecular Computing category. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 2 3 4 5 7 2 1 7 1981 2013 2016 2030 2052 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23, ‘24 CHEMICAL COMPUTING EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 187311institute.com MRL9 /9 6 /10 9 TRL /9 D ISTRIBUTED COMPUTING, which is in the Productisation Stage, is a relatively generic computing term that in my opinion, today, should also include the Edge Computing and Fog Computing categories. It is often thought that the computing industry moves in cycles, with computing first being centralised, and then eventually becoming decentralised again over time before it consolidates again, but as computing platforms continue to shrink in size, while at the same time increasing in power, we are increasingly able to embed computing capabilities, that can be directed and managed by Blockchain networks, into devices of all shapes and sizes, from gadgets, materials, and sensors, to one day organisms and even humans. DEFINITION Distributed Computing, which also encapsulates Edge and Fog Computing, is where data is ingested, processed, stored and transmitted from a wide variety of devices and locations. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using Distributed Computing to embed intelligence into everything from Autonomous Vehicles and Internet of Things products, through to all of our devices and gadgets, but over the longer term we will be able to embed compute capabilities into everything everywhere, from marine organisms, which is already on the US Military’s roadmap thanks to the advent of Biological Computing, to space colonies, and everything in between. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the space will continue to accelerate, and interest and investment will continue to grow, and over time everything everywhere will be embedded with computing and intelligence. While Distributed Computing is still in the Productisation Stage, over the long term it will be enhanced by Biological Computing, Blockchain, Chemical Computing, DNA Computing, Liquid Computing, Micromotes, Minerless Blockchains, Molecular Computing, Neuromorphic computing, photonic Computing, and potentially replaced by the advent of 5G and 6G. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, explore the field, establish a point of view, experiment with it, with a view to implementing it, and forecast out the potential implications of the technology. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 6 7 5 7 8 5 3 8 1983 1996 2001 2006 2034 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17 EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 188311institute.com MRL3 /9 9 /10 5 TRL /9 D NA COMPUTING, a GENERAL PURPOSE TECHNOLOGY, which is still in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, will potentially be one of, if not the most powerful, type of computing platforms on the planet, making even ultra-powerful and performant Quantum Computers, that can operate at over 100 million times faster than today’s logic based computer platforms, look slow thanks to the fact that DNA Computers will be able to process everything from complex single workloads to trillions of workloads in parrallel by simply replicating themselves up, before collapsing back down again, and all within the confines of a space no larger than a small test tube. DEFINITION DNA Computing uses Biochemistry, DNA, and Molecular Biology hardware, instead of the traditional silicon based computer technologies to process and store information. EXAMPLE USE CASES Today we are using DNA Computers to create the world’s first DNA Storage services in the cloud, and to turn ordinary human cells in the labs into powerful disease fighting supercomputers capable of identifying and then eliminating by disease by controlling the cells DNA machinery and getting it to manufacture the necessary drugs. FUTURE TRAJECTORY AND REPLACABILITY Over the next decade research in the space will continue to accelerate, albeit from a low base, and interest and investment will continue to grow. As researchers continue to unlock and unravel the mysteries of DNA and genetics, and become increasingly competent at hijacking natures own machinery for their own benefits, it is inevitable that one day DNA computers will become productised. While DNA Computing is still in the Concept Stage and early Prototype Stage, over the long term it will be enhanced by Biological Computing, and CRISPR Gene Editing, however, while the category may merge with Biological Computing, at the moment it is highly unlikely it will be replaced. MATTHEW’S RECOMMENDATION In the short to medium term I suggest companies put the technology on their radars, and re-visit it every few years until progress in the space accelerates. 15 SECOND SUMMARY Accessibility Affordability Competition Demonstration Desirability Investment Regulation Viability 4 3 2 8 9 2 3 7 1984 1998 2020 2034 2048 STATUS PRIMARY GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT AREAS IMPACT STARBURST APPEARANCES: ‘17, ‘18, ‘19, ‘20, ‘21, ‘22, ‘23 DNA COMPUTING EXPLORE MORE. Click or scan me to learn more about this emerging tech. 189311institute.com MRLNext >