Estonia: economy and key statistics
Estonia is number 102 in the 311 Nations Index, with a GDP of $47.0 billion in 2025. GDP per person is $34,418. The economy grew by 0.6% in 2025. Unemployment is 8.3%. The economy is 66% services, 20% industry, 2% agriculture. In 311 Institute directories: 9 R&D labs, 7 startups, 4 investors.
Part of the 311 Nations Index (311institute.com). Last updated .
National power
Estonia is number 72 in the 311 National Power Index, scoring 36.9 out of 100: economic 52, technology 24, military 28 and human capital 49.
Economy at a glance
| Indicator | Latest figure | Year |
|---|---|---|
| GDP | $47.0 billion | 2025 |
| GDP (purchasing power) | $71.2 billion | 2025 |
| GDP per person | $34,418 | 2025 |
| Economic growth | +0.6% | 2025 |
| Inflation | 4.8% | 2025 |
| Unemployment | 8.3% | 2025 |
| Population | 1.4 million | 2025 |
| Labour force | 0.8 million | 2025 |
| Services share of GDP | 66% | 2025 |
| Industry share of GDP | 20% | 2025 |
| Manufacturing share of GDP | 11% | 2025 |
| Agriculture share of GDP | 2% | 2025 |
| Exports share of GDP | 78% | 2025 |
| Foreign direct investment | -1.8% of GDP | 2025 |
| High-tech share of manufactured exports | 18% | 2024 |
| R&D spending | 1.84% of GDP | 2023 |
| Internet users | 92% of people | 2024 |
Startups in Estonia
Main export industries
Estonia exported goods worth about $19.8bn in 2024. Its biggest export industries:
- Electrical machinery and equipment: $2.9bn (14.8% of goods exports)
- Wood and articles of wood: $2.1bn (10.7% of goods exports)
- Machinery and mechanical appliances, boilers, nuclear reactors: $1.7bn (8.7% of goods exports)
- Vehicles: $1.7bn (8.5% of goods exports)
- Mineral fuels, mineral oils and products of their distillation: $1.6bn (7.8% of goods exports)
Source: UN Comtrade, goods only (services exports are not included).
Other economies in Europe
- Germany (#3)
- United Kingdom (#5)
- France (#7)
- Russia (#8)
- Italy (#9)
- Spain (#12)
- Türkiye (#16)
- Netherlands (#18)
- Switzerland (#20)
- Poland (#21)
- Belgium (#22)
- Ireland (#23)
- Sweden (#25)
- Austria (#28)
- Norway (#31)
Questions and answers
How big is the economy of Estonia?
Estonia had a GDP of $47.0 billion in 2025, ranking number 102 in the 311 Nations Index.
What is GDP per person in Estonia?
GDP per person in Estonia was $34,418 in 2025.
How fast is the economy of Estonia growing?
The economy of Estonia grew by 0.6% in 2025.
Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators (CC BY 4.0).
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